![]() ![]() The costs and electricity production of concentrated solar power (CSP) solar tower (ST) with molten salt (MS) thermal energy storage (TES) technology are here analyzed for the latest, recently dismissed, Aurora project. The variability classification method allows the comparison of different project sites in a statistical and automatic manner to quantify short-term variability impacts on solar power production. Up to 77 % of all class members are identified correctly by this automatic scheme. ![]() Variability indices as previously published or newly suggested are used as classifiers to detect the class members automatically. Each variability class is represented by 16 to 63 members. They combine high, medium, and low irradiance conditions with small, medium, and large scale variations from one minute to the next minute.A reference data base of 333 individual hours with ground-based 1 minute DNI observations was created by expert review from one year of observations at the BSRN station in Carpentras, France. Eight variability classes are defined for the 1 minute resolved direct normal irradiance (DNI) variability inside an hour. ![]() Variability of solar surface irradiances in the 1 minute range is of interest especially for solar energy applications. Examples of the use of these statistical results are presented to better understand the type of sky patterns at the location. In the main section, the statistics at the pixel location and in a 49x49 pixel zone around the point are described for a one year time series. Together with state of the art solar irradiation estimations, these statistical results can be used to determine several important factors for the choice of the best suited solar technology to use. Based on a long term result of APOLLO at a given point, we introduce a new use of this data, the APOLLO Cloud Product Statistics, to determine the typical cloud situations and spatio-temporal patterns at the location of interest. The APOLLO (AVHRR Processing scheme Over cLouds Land and Ocean, originally developed for the AVHRR instrument) methodology delivers cloud mask, cloud classification, cloud optical depth, and cloud top temperature as cloud physical parameters for all MSG (Meteosat Second Generation) SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) pixels with a temporal resolution of 15 minutes during daytime since 1st February 2004. As the clouds are one of the main influencing parameters to the solar irradiation, this additional information can be very valuable to understand location-dependent characteristics when selecting a solar generator's location and to decide on the type of technology most appropriate for the site. In addition to this, it is possible to obtain from long term satellite images a statistical description of the clouds in the zone of interest. As a result, there is no way malicious code can compromise the Apollo.In order to assess the potential electricity production of a solar plant, industry usually uses long term time series of irradiation data. Unlike most IOT devices, cloud storage and home routers, the Apollo Cloud is not managed through a web browser and none of the attacks listed above can be used to compromise it. In addition, communication between the Apollo app and the Apollo is encrypted. If a cloud storage device is compromised, the same could happen. Recently it has been shown that many home routers can be easily compromised and many users have received emails ransoming the files on the storage attached to their routers. But this is also a weakness, as the GUI is accessed through a web browser and the browser can be used to compromise these devices using the attacks listed above or other attacks. The GUI offers an easy to use interface to configure and control these devices. Most IOT devices, storage devices and home routers today are managed through a web-based GUI. ![]() This is why it's important to keep one's browser updated, as the latest browser will block known exploits where possible. Some of the commonly used methods are.Īll of these methods have one purpose, to run malicious code on a user's computer or device moreover, all of these methods work through a user's browser. This exploit is not new, and there are many avenues to browser based attacks. Without going into details, this exploit involves an improperly set cookie and a CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery). Recently it has been discovered that some vendor's cloud storage devices are vulnerable to attacks and can be compromised. Apollo Cloud: Your Fortress Against Hacker Browser Attack ![]()
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